Geography Of Italy: Mountains, Rivers, Climate, And Biodiversity

Geography of Italy: Mountains, Rivers, Climate, and Biodiversity

Question

Introduction And Physical Geography

Italy is located in south-central Europe and is considered a popular country in the European Union. The precise location of Italy occupies a peninsula deep in the Mediterranean Sea. The place is known for having charming and picturesque rural spots. At the top of the map of Italy is the Alps, considered the steepest mountains in the world. There is also Monte Rosa, one of Italy’s highest peaks. Diversity lies in culture, cuisine and dialects (Britannica.com, 2022). The Arno and Tiber rivers are of historical importance because ancient civilizations began on these rivers. The capital is Rome, and visitors can see the city’s oldest churches and monuments with architectural works. Mass media changed the standards and lifestyle of the Roman people.

Venice is a beautiful city and attracts tourists, especially boat trips that take you from one place to another. Other cities include the fashion capitals of Milan and Genoa. We can also mention the Roman Forum, which is of extraordinary beauty (Missiaia, p. 145).

These architectures reflect the fascinating literature, paintings and sculptures that are worth seeing that enrich Italy’s cultural heritage.

Lithosphere

Italy has a total area of ​​301,230 square kilometers, of which 294,020 kilometers are islands and 7,210 square kilometers are sea areas. In a map projection, latitudes are 35 and 48 degrees. The longitude is 6 degrees east longitude and 19 degrees east longitude. The Apennine Mountains at the top of the map stretch north-south and separate the east and west coasts. The distribution area covers most of Italy, i.e. one-third of the country. According to map projections, Italy’s borders lie between the African and Eurasian plates. The African Plate divides the Eurasian Plate and holds Italy to the east (Basch et al. 900). The Eurasian and African plates have moved 12 cm, reminiscent of seismic activity across Europe. Microplate Adria complicates the movement of tectonic plates. There is diversity in natural resources as evidenced by the availability of natural resources such as coal, zinc, potash, marble, barite, pumice, asbestos, fluorite, mercury, pyrite, natural gas and crude oil. To do. Italy’s topography is mountains, volcanoes, beaches and islands that give the country its stunning beauty. The Italian Alps, Dolomites and Apennine mountain ranges are formed from marine sedimentary rocks.

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere

Some of Italy’s most important rivers are the Tiber, Adige, Arno, Piave, Orio, Adda, Tanaro, Brenta and Tagliamento rivers. Important lakes in Italy include Camel, Garda, Maggiore, Orta, Lugano, Iseo, Plaguer his Wirtsee, and Bolsena. These rivers are bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea (Magnoni et al., p.123). Italy’s water footprint is the highest in Europe at 3,012 or 2,303 cubic meters. 15% of all water used for agricultural purposes comes from non-renewable groundwater. The disadvantage is that it cannot be replenished naturally. At 15% of water withdrawals, twice that of Spain, and seven times more than water, Greece’s resources are depleted. Industrial and agricultural waste pollutes the waters of Italy’s rivers, lakes and seas. The main cause of environmental pollution is acid rain. It is worth noting that Italian cities generate 19.1 million tonnes of solid waste annually, which is of great concern in terms of ecological biodiversity conservation. Water supply and sanitation are generally good in Italy, but worse than in other European countries. Water consumption is 240 liters per day, or 160 liters per capita per day, which is higher than Spain and France (Cagnazzo et al. p.28).

Atmosphere

Köppen Climate Classification Italy’s typical climate is Mediterranean, or CSA. The climate is dry and subtropical, especially in summer. Average temperatures exceed 10 degrees Celsius and reach 50 degrees Fahrenheit in the warmer months. Cold climates average temperatures between 18°C ​​and -3°C, or between 64°F and 27°F. Summers are usually dry, accounting for one-third of the wettest winters. Less than 30 mm (1.18 inches) of precipitation has been recorded for these months (En.climate-data.org, 2022). Temperatures in Rome are mild, but it rains a lot in winter. The average temperature in Rome is 15.7 degrees Celsius and the precipitation is 798 mm. However, Italy’s climate is characterized by a mixture of hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, enjoyed by both locals and tourists. Of the seven climatic zones, the alpine zone is characterized by a mountainous continental climate with cooler temperatures and more precipitation in the east than in the west. Bardonecchia in western Italy has an average temperature of 45.3 degrees Fahrenheit and 7.4 degrees Celsius. Average precipitation here is 26 inches or 660 mm (En.climate-data.org, 2022). The Alps mainly protect the northwest wind. The whole country of the Alps has a special climate.

Hydrosphere
Biosphere and soil

One of Italy’s most famous biospheres is Serve Costieredi his Tuscany, west of Pisa, between Viareggio and Livorno in Tuscany, on the Mediterranean coast. The reserve is popular due to its rich biodiversity. More specifically, there are flat and semi-flat habitats, sand dunes, swamps, intermediate forests and pine forests, all of which contribute to the splendor of agricultural areas (Andreetta et al. p.132). These zones have hedges that ensure species and habitat protection. Some areas are home to some of the rarest species that need serious protection and could go extinct if not protected. Flat forests are typical of many of the reserves. 11,000 people live in these reserves and have a good livelihood.

Conclusion

Italy is one of the most fascinating countries in the world and offers visitors unique locations such as the Alps, one of the most popular rugged mountains. Tiber, Adige, Arno, Piave, Orio, Adda, Tanaro, Brenta, Tagliamento, Lake Como, Garda, Maggiore, Orta, Lugano, Iseo, Prazer Wildsee, The Bolsena, Mediterranean and Adriatic rivers are reminiscent of ancient civilizations. Roman cathedrals increase cultural heritage and pride. The architecture of these churches is exquisite in its beauty. The city of Milan has shopping centers and Venice offers boat trips. The lithosphere has a projected area of ​​301,230 square kilometers, of which 294,020 kilometers is land and 7,210 square kilometers is water. The hydrosphere contains many lakes, seas and rivers that are worth seeing for tourists. One of the problems caused by acid rain is water pollution. The Köppen climate classification type is CSA, characterized mainly by arid and subtropical climates. The Servé Costiere di Tuscan Biosphere Reserve is a popular reserve, sparsely populated and whose main occupation is fishing and agriculture. Wetland soils are rich in limestone clay and natural resources such as coal, zinc, potash, marble, barite, pumice, asbestos, fluorite, mercury, pyrite, natural gas and crude oil. However, potassium, phosphorus and calcium support high quality plant yields. References

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Buccolieri, Riccardo et al. “Characterization of urban greening in the district of Lecce (southern Italy) to analyze CO2 storage and diffusion of air pollutants.” Atmosphere 11.9 (2020): 967. Cagnazzo, Cosimo et al. “Geostatistics and structures from mobile techniques for assessing coastal pollution along the Policoro coast (Southern Italy).” Geowissenschaften 10.1 (2020): 28. En.climate-data.org (2022)。 Climate of Italy, Europe. 7 February 2022 Retrieved from https://en.climate-data.org/europe/italy-2/

En.unesco.org (2022). Coastal forest of the Tuscan Biosphere Reserve. Retrieved on February 7, 2022

https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/eu-na/selve-cotiere-toscana

Khan, Mod Zulfiqar, Tommaso Chiti. “Soil carbon stocks and different land-use dynamics in Italy using the LUCAS soil database.” Journal of Environmental Management 306 (2022): 114452. Magnoni, Federica et al. “Adjoint tomography of the Italian lithosphere.” Communication Earth and Environment (2022). Misiah, Anna. “Markets and Equipment: A Description of the Early Industrial Locations of Italy (1871-1911).” Cryometrics 13.1 (2019): 127-161.