Analysis of the philosophical views of Nietzsche and Socrates

Analysis of the philosophical views of Nietzsche and Socrates

Question

Acceptance and Rejection of Cultural Relativist Claims

Answer exactly one of the following two questions: in a manuscript of at least 400 words and no more than 600 words.

1) On page 18 of his Challenges to Cultural Relativism, James Rachels lists his six claims by cultural relativists.Based on reading Nietzsche’s first treatise, is there any evidence that Nietzsche accepts any of these claims?If so, which claims do you accept? If so, which ones would you reject? This question does more than test your understanding of Nietzsche and his lectures. Many of Rachel’s statements help clarify the differences between the six claims.

2) Socrates, following his first-first strategy (after a false start in Book 1), finally arrives at a definition of justice in the individual. Righteousness means that every part of the soul has its own job and does only its own job. This is a philosophical definition, not an authoritative one. As we have seen, to know if a philosophical definition is correct, it must be tested against a shared understanding, perhaps loosely, of the format of the problem. (See 442e et seq., where Socrates applies the “everyday test.”)However, by analyzing Socrates’ definition of justice in detail, we abandon the first-first strategy. I was afraid that I would have to. Please explain in your own words why you are concerned. This should be the bulk of the work. Then say whether you think this is a serious problem for Socrates and explain why.

When referring to the text of the reading, provide Morgan’s page number so that the reader can find the text you are talking about. If you are using different editions of the genealogy and the pagination is not the same, you will need to locate passages in some other way. For Plato’s Republic, you can use Morgan page numbers or standardized page numbers in the margins (e.g., 24d–31a).

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